Yay! I've started revising for my common test that's coming up on the 6th week of school. I've only about 2 more weeks. I need more motivation. And the word 'motivation' reminds me of Psychology on the topic of Motivation, which means internal processes that initiate, sustain and direct activities. The 6 theories of motivation are:


1. Drive Reduction Theory (bio need -> drive -> response)
eg. water -> feel thirsty -> drink water


2. Arousal Theory (seek an optimal arousal)
ie. performance increases as arousal increases but to a point.


3. Expectancy Theory (motivation = valence x expectation x instrumentality)
ie. Valence - attractiveness of incentives (eg. receive $20 if pass test)
Expectancy - probability of completing the goal (eg. easy test)
Instrumentality - trustworthiness (eg. examiner can be trusted)


4. Goal-Setting Theory (specific & challenging but attainable goals)
eg. Study 5 hours a day and get an A for test.


5. Maslow's Needs Hierarchy (5 Levels)
ie. Level 1 - Physiological Need (Food, water, air)
Level 2 - Safety/Security Need (House, job, economic security)
Level 3 - Social Need (Family, friends)
Level 4 - Ego (Receiving diploma, higher rank)
Level 5 - Self-Actualisation (Justice, beauty, truth, spirituality)
Only when lower-order needs are satisfied can higher-order needs be activated & serve as sources of motivation.


6. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
-Intrinsic (internal factors)
eg. challenge, curiosity, self-satisfaction
-Extrinsic (external factors)
eg. rewards (money), punishments (scolding)
Intrinsic motivation leads to long-term improvement but extrinsic motivation only leads to short-term motivation.


Ok, so I'm bringing in my revision into my blogging. Well, whatever helps me in understanding and remembering my revision stuff.